The theory of the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt Red Sea crossing proposes that the Israelites crossed the Gulf of Aqaba, likely at the Nuweiba peninsula crossing over the Red Sea on dry land to the Saudi Arabian coast, as the site of the biblical Exodus, rather than the traditional Suez, Egypt region. – Google AI

Discovering The True Mount Sinai

Mt. Sinai is outside of Egypt and in Saudi Arabia (Galatians 4:25).

The Ipuwer Papyrus

The Ipuwer Papyrus an eyewitness Egyptian account of The Biblical 10 Plagues of Egypt – Documenting the Beginning of the End of the Global Influence and the Internal Colapse of Egypt.

* The colapse of Joseph’s Egypt was complete (Genesis 50:26). The last verse in the Book of Genesis depicts Joseph in a Tomb. It can also be extrapolated that Pharaoh Akhenaten and his descendants, King Tutankhamun are also all in a tomb in Egypt.

Joseph’s Dream Pharaoh

Pharaoh Akhenaten (born Amenhotep IV) is the *Dream Pharaoh of Joseph (Genesis 41:39, Acts 7:10).

The Slavery Pharaoh

Pharoah Ay (Exodus 1:8) is the transitional Pharaoh who enslaved the Hebrews. Ay with His wife Tey poisoned the Tutankhamun children eventually killing the entire family including the young King Tutankhamun (his wife Ankhesenamun, disappeared after writing several distress letters). Ay  is depicted in a mural in the Tutankhamun Tomb in the act of murdering (smiting) King Tutankhamun who’s ex rays depict a fractured skull.

Pharaoh Ay was the penultimate pharaoh of ancient Egypt’s 18th Dynasty. He held the throne of Egypt for a brief (2-4 years) four-year period in the late 14th century BC. Prior to his rule, he was a close advisor to two, and perhaps three, other pharaohs (Pharaoh Akhenaten & King Tutankhamun) of the 18th dynasty.

* It is speculated that he was the power behind the throne during child ruler Tutankhamun’s reign, although there is no evidence for this aside from Tutankhamun’s youthfulness. – Wikipedia

The Exodus Pharaoh

Ramesses II is the later well documented Exodus Pharaoh of Moses’s time (Exodus 1:11, 12:37).

By David Anson Brown

The Red Sea Crossing

Discovering The True Mount Sinai

The Ipuwer Papyrus

Riddle of the Exodus from Egypt

Summary of Ancient Egypt – 2nd Global Gentile Kingdom

Introduction: The Ancient Egyptians attempted to build a Priestly passage (road) connecting this life with the afterlife in the same way that Ancient Romans built roads connecting Rome to distant cities and ports.

There are many similarities between Ancient Egypt 2nd Kingdom and Ancient Rome 6th Kingdom.

Rome conquered the general world by going out into the world on roads they built. The Egyptians conquered the world by having the world (through the global famine) come to them to purchase grain they had harvested and stored.

Pharaoh Akhenaten accumulated the world’s wealth to his peril (and to the peril of three generations of his family) in the same way that Julius Caesar accumulated the world’s power and authority to his ultimate peril.

The Royal elite political structure between Ancient Egypt and later Ancient Rome is surprisingly very similar so much that the two societies parallel each other and actually as historical history goes somewhat mirror each other in an almost identical series of persons and events.

Ancient Egypt – – – Early Rome

18th Dynasty
King Thutmose III – – – Sulla
King Amen-hotep III – – – Pompey the Great
Pharaoh Amen-hotep IV / Akhen-aten – – – Julius Caesar
Queen Nefertiti – – – Calpurnia
Joseph / Zaphnath-paaneah – – – General Marcus Agrippa
King Smenkhkare – – – Lepidus
King Tutankh-aten / Tutankh-amun – – – Octavian / Augustus
Queen Ankhesen-amun – – – Livia Drusilla / Julia Augusta
Usurper/Assassin King Kheperkheprure Ay (Aye) – – – Mark Antony
Poisoner/Assassin Queen Tey – – – Cleopatra VII

19th Dynasty
Pharaoh Ramesses II (Exodus) – – – Diocletian

26th Dynasty
Pharaoh Necho II – – – Emperor Marcian

Ancient Egypt, Early Rome — Explained

King Amenhotep IV (Pharaoh Akhenaten) inherited a large and well known but very unstable and perilous Egypt kingdom from his father Amenhotep III. In the same way that Julius Caesar overtook a large but very unstable Rome kingdom from Pompey the Great. Both Akhenaten and Julius Caesar along with Tutankhamun and Octavian provided the identity, stability and foundation that would extend and propel both Egypt and Rome into the long and extended historical reign among the nations.

Ancient Egypt — Explained

18th Dynasty
King Thutmose III – – Grandfather of Akhenaten – started a strong Dynasty
King Amenhotep III – – Father of Akhenaten – well known but unstable reign
Pharaoh Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten – – 2nd Kingdom King (Acts 7:10) – Dream Pharaoh
Queen Nefertiti – – wife of Akhenaten – no known sons – six female children
Joseph / Zaphnath-paaneah – – Hebrew son of Jacob (Tribe of Joseph)
King Smenkhkare – – Temp ruler until Tutankhamun reaches the legal age of nine
Pharaoh Tutankhaten / Tutankhamun – – son of Akhenaten – assassinated age 19
Queen Ankhesenamun – – wife of King Tut – daughter of Akhenaten and Nefertiti
Usurper/Assassin King Kheperkheprure Ay (Aye) – – unauthorized – unpopular four year reign
Poisoner/Assassin Queen Tey – – probably poisoned Ay – and several others

19th Dynasty
Pharaoh Ramesses II – – Exodus Pharaoh (Exodus 7:14)

26th Dynasty
Pharaoh Necho II – – battle of Carchemish (605 BC) lost to Babylon (2 Chronicles 35:20)

Note: The first known written use of the word Pharaoh is in ancient Egyptian writing and refers exclusively to the person Pharaoh Akhenaten. There are no known earlier mentions of Egyptian Kings as Pharaoh previous to Pharaoh Akhenaten. The word Pharaoh (H6547) is thought to have been brought into popular existence not by the Egyptians who used the term king but by the Hebrews.

Also Note: Pharaoh Tutankhamun (King Tut) the son of Pharaoh Akhenaten and a lesser wife Kiya ascended to the throne of his deceased father Pharaoh Akhenaten approximately on his 9th birthday. Nine being the minimum legal age of accountability and authority in ancient Egypt. In the tomb of Tutankhamun a last record of his reign was in the tenth year of his reign. Pharaoh Tutankhamun died (assassination) at about 19 years of age. It is interesting to note that Octavian was 19 years of age when Julius Caesar was assassinated (44 BC) and Octavian began his ascent to the throne of Rome.

Israel Exodus — Explained

Egypt to Exodus Timeline: Four Hebrew generations about 150 years, Pharaoh Akhenaten to Pharaoh Ramesses II

The Hebrew (Jewish) timeline in Egypt proper lasted about 150 years, Pharaoh Akhenaten to Pharaoh Ramesses II. The regions outside of Egypt including Canaan were usually under Egyptian control.

The Hebrew (Jewish) family Tribe of about 72 persons went into Egypt. The mixed multitude Nation of Israel emerged from Egypt at the Exodus.

Jewish Tribe of Judah: Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah {Tamar}, Pharez, Hezron [born in Canaan], (1st generation) Ram [born in Egypt], (1nd generation) Amminadab [born in Egypt], (3rd generation) Nahshon [Egypt-Exodus], (4th generation) Salmon {Rahab}, Boaz [born in Canaan] {Ruth}, Obed, Jesse, King David.

And He said unto Abram (Abraham), Know certainly that your seed shall be a stranger in a land (Canaan-Egypt) that is not their’s, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years; And also that nation (Egypt), whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance. And you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried in a good old age. But in the *fourth generation they shall come here (Canaan) again: for the iniquity of the Amorites is not yet full. ~ Genesis 15:13-16

And these are the names of the children of Israel (Jacob), which came into Egypt, Jacob and his sons: Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn. … ~ Genesis 46:8

And Tamar his daughter in law bore him Pharez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five. The sons of Pharez; Hezron, and Hamul … ~ 1 Chronicles 2:4-5

The sons also of Hezron, that were born unto him; Jerahmeel, and Ram, and Chelubai. And Ram brings forth Amminadab; and Amminadab brings forth Nahshon, *prince of the [Exodus] children of Judah; ~ 1 Chronicles 2:9-10

Now these are the generations of Pharez: Pharez brings forth Hezron, And Hezron brings forth Ram, and Ram brings forth Amminadab, And Amminadab brings forth Nahshon, and Nahshon brings forth Salmon, And Salmon brings forth Boaz, and Boaz brings forth Obed, And Obed brings forth Jesse, and Jesse brings forth [King] David. ~ Ruth 4:18-22

David Anson Brown